We categorized the Mahabalipuram monuments into two categories to cover them extensively. This one is the continuation of the previous topic – The Popular Mahabalipuram Monuments.
Table of Contents
The Fourth Complex of the Monuments of Mahabalipuram
Mahishasuramardhini Cave Temple
Built in the seventh century by Narasimhavarman I, the Mahishasuramardhini Cave Temple, also known as Yamapuri, is a remarkable example of Pallava architecture. The main shrine houses an impressive carving of Somaskanda, a form of Shiva. Other highlights include Vishnu depicted as Anantashayana and the fierce battle between Mahishasuramardhini and the demon Mahishasura. The dynamic portrayal of the lion’s ferocity in this scene is particularly striking, leaving a lasting impression. These intricate engravings are so striking that their presence is apparent even before entering the cave.
Olakanneshwar Temple
Olakanneshwar is a small but scenic Shiva temple perched atop a hill, built by the Pallava ruler Rajasimha. To reach the top, you’ll need to climb around 50 steps. While the sanctum is closed to the public, you can still explore the surroundings and enjoy stunning views of the beach, Muttakadu Lake, and the lush greenery below. Right in front of the temple stands the Lighthouse Museum, which is almost the same height, offering equally breathtaking panoramic views. After exploring, you can either descend the same stairs or, if you’re feeling adventurous, take the rocky path down. Just be cautious when climbing down from the boulders for safety.
Varaha Cave Temple
During his reign, Pallava King Narasimhavarman built the Varaha Cave Temple, one of the most complete rock-cut cave temples of its time. The temple’s arcade hall and the shrine on the back wall make it architecturally significant. Its most iconic sculpture is that of Varaha, an incarnation of Vishnu, depicted alongside Bhudevi. In this relief, Varaha has four arms—two holding the shankha (conch) and chakra (discuss), while the front hand supports Bhudevi. The side walls feature intricate carvings of Trivikrama, representing a scene from the Bali Yajna, where Vamana asks for three paces of land. This form of Vishnu symbolizes his role as the Lord of the Three Worlds.
On the back wall, you’ll find a stunning Gajalakshmi panel, showcasing Lakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth. She holds lotus blossoms in her hands, surrounded by four attendants, while two royal elephants fill water jars held by the attendants. One elephant reaches for a jar, while the other pours water over Lakshmi. Another panel features Durga Devi, symbolizing her triumph over ignorance.
Draupadi’s Bath and Royagopuram
Draupadi’s Bath is a large, rectangular rock formation that resembles a bathtub, which is how it got its name. Nearby, you’ll find Royagopuram, an unfinished gopuram with high, intricately designed adhisthana and beautifully carved door jambs. These carvings showcase the Vijayanagara architectural style, attributing the structure to that era. From this spot, you can also enjoy stunning views of the lotus pond below.
Ganesha Ratha
The grand temple, known for its rectangular Shiva shrine, is called Ganesha Ratha because it houses a prominent image of Lord Ganesha. An inscription refers to the temple as ‘Atyantakama Pallavesvaram,’ which points to its construction during the reign of King Parameswaravarman I.
Krishna’s Butterball
Krishna’s Butterball, a massive boulder near Ganesha Ratha and Arjuna’s Penance, stands precariously on a sloping hill in the Mahishasuramardhini temple park. The boulder’s seemingly impossible position amazes visitors, making it one of Mahabalipuram’s famous attractions. According to local folklore, King Narasimhavarman I and his companions once tried—and failed—to move the rock. The boulder is said to resemble a ball of butter that Lord Krishna mischievously stole from his mother, Yashoda, earning it the name ‘Krishna’s Butterball.’ The site also offers a perfect spot to watch the sunset, providing a picturesque view to end your day.
Trimurti Cave
In Trimurti Cave, Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva each have their own shrine. Notably, Shiva’s shrine platform is higher than the others. Subrahmanya, in the form of Brahmasasta, occupies the northernmost cell, Shiva is enshrined in the central space, and Vishnu resides in the southernmost. Further, a Durga niche is located to the north of these sanctuaries. These rock-cut shrines, created during the early reign of Pallava ruler Parameswaravarman I, are reminiscent of the Mamalla architectural style.
In front of the Trimurti Cave, you’ll find Gopi’s churn—a large bowl carved from rock. It refers to a scene from Krishna’s childhood, where Gopikas used the vessel for churning butter. This circular cistern looks like it was scooped out of a massive boulder, likely once used to store water. Accessible by stone steps, it offers a close-up view, but its unfinished look makes it seem like just a boulder from a distance.
The structure’s backside features intricate carvings of elephants, peacocks, and monkeys that portray the region’s native animals with realism.
Get Around the Monuments of Mahabalipuram
I’ve outlined a suggested route for exploring all of Mahabalipuram’s monuments in a seamless order.
Travel Tips To Visit Mahabalipuram Group of Monuments
- All the Mahabalipuram monuments are open daily from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm. with an entry fee of 40 rupees. Tickets can be purchased at any of the monument sites and are valid for the entire day, allowing you to explore all the other monuments across Mahabalipuram.
- Mahabalipuram tends to be hot year-round, with temperatures peaking around noon. I recommend starting your exploration early in the morning, taking a break during the hottest hours, and then resuming around 4 PM. This way, you can comfortably cover all the monuments within your visit!
- For parking, you’ll find a large lot near the Shore Temple and the beach. Parking is also available at Arjuna’s Penance, the Mahishasuramardhini Cave, and the Pancha Rathas.
- Each monument site has a map at the entrance that you can photograph or use to guide your visit and keep track of the attractions covered.
- All the monuments are within 2 km of each other, making them easily accessible on foot for those who enjoy walking. Alternatively, you can hire an auto-rickshaw to visit all the sites comfortably.
- Walking can be draining so it’s a good idea to bring water and snacks or fruits with you. If you need a quick refreshment, local sellers within the complexes sell snacks, cucumber slices, coconut water, and other little treats.
- Restrooms are also available at all major monuments for visitor convenience.
- Don’t forget to bring sunglasses, hats, and sunscreen for sun protection!
- Comfortable footwear are advisable for exploring the sites and strolling around Mahabalipuram Beach.
